CLASS 12 CBSE SOCIOLOGY PROJECT TOPIC: USED OF PUBLIC SPACE (SOCIOLOGY) REVIEW OF LITERATURE Sociologists have long emphasized that public spaces are at the core of social and community life. They are not just physical locations, but also social arenas where people interact, exchange ideas, and create shared meanings. Jürgen Habermas introduced the idea of the public sphere , where public spaces serve as platforms for dialogue, debate, and the exercise of democracy. In this sense, parks, markets, and streets become more than mere spaces—they act as foundations for civic participation and collective identity. Jane Jacobs , an urban sociologist, argued that well-used streets and open areas contribute to urban safety and social cohesion by encouraging natural surveillance and community bonding. Public spaces also hold strong connections with equality and inclusion , as they are accessible to all, regardless of class, age, or gender. Thus, sociological literature views publ...
